fix(security): harden token file permissions (closes #2)

- save_restore_token: use create_new(true) + mode(0o600) for exclusive
  atomic file creation, preventing symlink attacks and predictable
  temp file exploitation
- token_path: return Option, eliminate insecure /tmp fallback
- load_restore_token: reject insecure files (symlinks, wrong owner,
  group/world-readable permissions)
- Directory creation uses DirBuilderExt::mode(0o700) bypassing umask
- Added verify_secure_dir and ensure_secure_parent with full metadata
  validation (owner, permissions, symlink rejection)
- Added 11 regression tests covering all security scenarios

Cargo.lock

@@ -2505,6 +2505,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "signal-hook",
  "signal-hook-mio",
  "str0m",
+ "tempfile",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",

Cargo.toml

@@ -28,3 +28,6 @@ crossbeam-channel = "0.5"
 str0m = "0.20"
 serde_json = "1"
 dirs = "6"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile = "3.27.0"

src/backend_detect.rs

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ mod tests {
     // 测试辅助函数：构造指定后端参数的 Args 实例
     fn make_args(backend: Option<&str>) -> Args {
         Args {
-            output: "test.mp4".to_string(),
+            output: Some("test.mp4".to_string()),
             output_name: None,
             fps: 30,
             codec: "h264".to_string(),
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ mod tests {
             verbose: false,
             backend: backend.map(String::from),
             port: 0,
+            no_persist: false,
         }
     }
 

src/bin/sw_encode_bench.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     println!("       (Select a screen to share in the portal dialog)");
 
     let portal_args = Args {
-        output: bench_args.output.clone(),
+        output: Some(bench_args.output.clone()),
         output_name: None,
         fps: 60,
         codec: "h264".to_string(),
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         verbose: false,
         backend: Some("portal".to_string()),
         port: 0,
+        no_persist: false,
     };
 
     let cap = CapPortal::new(&portal_args)?;

src/bin/vaapi_import_bench.rs

@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     println!("       (Select a screen to share in the portal dialog)");
 
     let portal_args = Args {
-        output: bench_args.output.clone(),
+        output: Some(bench_args.output.clone()),
         output_name: None,
         fps: 60,
         codec: "h264".to_string(),
@@ -882,6 +882,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         verbose: false,
         backend: Some("portal".to_string()),
         port: 0,
+        no_persist: false,
     };
 
     let cap = CapPortal::new(&portal_args)?;

src/cap_portal.rs

@@ -246,27 +246,162 @@ impl CapPortal {
     }
 }
 
-fn token_path() -> PathBuf {
-    let base = dirs::cache_dir()
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("/tmp"));
-    base.join("wl-webrtc").join("portal-restore-token")
+fn token_path() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    dirs::cache_dir().map(|base| base.join("wl-webrtc").join("portal-restore-token"))
+}
+
+/// Verify that `path` is a directory owned by the current user with no group/other permissions.
+/// Rejects symlinks at the path itself (but allows the resolved target to be a real dir).
+fn verify_secure_dir(path: &std::path::Path) -> bool {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::{MetadataExt, PermissionsExt};
+
+    match std::fs::symlink_metadata(path) {
+        Ok(meta) => {
+            if meta.file_type().is_symlink() {
+                tracing::warn!("Token parent dir is a symlink, rejecting: {}", path.display());
+                return false;
+            }
+            // Must be a directory
+            if !meta.is_dir() {
+                tracing::warn!("Token parent path is not a directory: {}", path.display());
+                return false;
+            }
+            // Must be owned by current user
+            if meta.uid() != unsafe { libc::getuid() } {
+                tracing::warn!("Token parent dir not owned by current user: {}", path.display());
+                return false;
+            }
+            // No group or other permissions (mode must be 0o700 exactly within the 0o777 mask)
+            let mode = meta.permissions().mode() & 0o777;
+            if mode != 0o700 {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "Token parent dir has insecure permissions {:o}, expected 0700: {}",
+                    mode,
+                    path.display()
+                );
+                return false;
+            }
+            true
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            tracing::warn!("Failed to stat token parent dir: {e}");
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Ensure the parent directory exists with restrictive permissions (0o700).
+/// Returns false if the directory could not be created or is insecure.
+fn ensure_secure_parent(parent: &std::path::Path) -> bool {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::{DirBuilderExt, PermissionsExt};
+
+    if parent.exists() {
+        // Directory exists — try to tighten permissions, then verify.
+        // set_permissions follows symlinks, which is fine here since
+        // we verify with symlink_metadata in verify_secure_dir.
+        if let Err(e) = std::fs::set_permissions(parent, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)) {
+            tracing::warn!("Failed to set directory permissions: {e}");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return verify_secure_dir(parent);
+    }
+
+    // Create with restrictive mode — DirBuilderExt::mode bypasses umask.
+    let mut builder = std::fs::DirBuilder::new();
+    builder.recursive(true);
+    builder.mode(0o700);
+    if let Err(e) = builder.create(parent) {
+        tracing::warn!("Failed to create token directory: {e}");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Verify after creation (belt-and-suspenders)
+    verify_secure_dir(parent)
 }
 
 fn load_restore_token() -> Option<String> {
-    let path = token_path();
+    load_restore_token_from(token_path()?)
+}
+
+fn load_restore_token_from(path: PathBuf) -> Option<String> {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::{MetadataExt, PermissionsExt};
+
+    let meta = match std::fs::symlink_metadata(&path) {
+        Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(_) => return None,
+    };
+
+    if meta.file_type().is_symlink() {
+        tracing::warn!("Token file is a symlink, refusing to read: {}", path.display());
+        return None;
+    }
+    if !meta.is_file() {
+        tracing::warn!("Token path is not a regular file: {}", path.display());
+        return None;
+    }
+    if meta.uid() != unsafe { libc::getuid() } {
+        tracing::warn!("Token file not owned by current user: {}", path.display());
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mode = meta.permissions().mode() & 0o777;
+    if mode & 0o077 != 0 {
+        tracing::warn!(
+            "Token file has insecure permissions {:o}, refusing to read: {}",
+            mode,
+            path.display()
+        );
+        return None;
+    }
+
     let token = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).ok()?;
     let trimmed = token.trim().to_string();
     if trimmed.is_empty() { None } else { Some(trimmed) }
 }
 
 fn save_restore_token(token: &str) {
-    let path = token_path();
-    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
-        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(parent);
+    let Some(path) = token_path() else {
+        tracing::warn!("No secure cache directory available, skipping token save");
+        return;
+    };
+    save_restore_token_to(token, &path);
+}
+
+fn save_restore_token_to(token: &str, path: &std::path::Path) {
+    use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+    use std::io::Write;
+    use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+
+    let Some(parent) = path.parent() else {
+        tracing::warn!("Token path has no parent directory");
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if !ensure_secure_parent(parent) {
+        tracing::warn!("Parent directory is insecure, refusing to save token");
+        return;
     }
-    match std::fs::write(&path, token) {
+
+    // Use a unique temp file to prevent symlink attacks.
+    // create_new(true) guarantees exclusive creation — fails if file already exists,
+    // and does NOT follow existing symlinks.
+    let tmp_path = path.with_extension(format!("{}.tmp", std::process::id()));
+    let result = (|| -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        let mut f = OpenOptions::new()
+            .write(true)
+            .create_new(true)
+            .mode(0o600)
+            .open(&tmp_path)?;
+        f.write_all(token.as_bytes())?;
+        f.sync_all()?;
+        std::fs::rename(&tmp_path, path)?;
+        Ok(())
+    })();
+    match result {
         Ok(()) => tracing::info!("Saved portal restore token"),
-        Err(e) => tracing::warn!("Failed to save restore token: {e}"),
+        Err(e) => {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&tmp_path);
+            tracing::warn!("Failed to save restore token: {e}");
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -645,6 +780,7 @@ fn spa_to_drm_fourcc(format: libspa::param::video::VideoFormat) -> u32 {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use drm_fourcc::DrmFourcc;
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 
     #[test]
     fn spa_to_drm_fourcc_all_32bit() {
@@ -688,4 +824,160 @@ mod tests {
         use libspa::param::video::VideoFormat;
         assert_eq!(spa_to_drm_fourcc(VideoFormat::NV12), 0);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn token_path_never_uses_tmp() {
+        assert!(token_path().is_some(), "token_path should resolve on Linux");
+        let path = token_path().unwrap();
+        assert!(!path.starts_with("/tmp"), "must not fallback to /tmp");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn verify_secure_dir_rejects_wrong_permissions() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path();
+
+        // 0o700 should pass
+        std::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+        assert!(verify_secure_dir(path));
+
+        // 0o755 should fail
+        std::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        assert!(!verify_secure_dir(path));
+
+        // 0o777 should fail
+        std::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o777)).unwrap();
+        assert!(!verify_secure_dir(path));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn verify_secure_dir_rejects_non_directory() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let file_path = dir.path().join("not-a-dir");
+        std::fs::write(&file_path, b"test").unwrap();
+        assert!(!verify_secure_dir(&file_path));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ensure_secure_parent_creates_with_0700() {
+        let base = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let new_dir = base.path().join("wl-test-new-dir");
+        assert!(!new_dir.exists());
+
+        assert!(ensure_secure_parent(&new_dir));
+        assert!(new_dir.is_dir());
+
+        let meta = std::fs::symlink_metadata(&new_dir).unwrap();
+        let mode = meta.permissions().mode() & 0o777;
+        assert_eq!(mode, 0o700, "created directory should be 0700, got {mode:o}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ensure_secure_parent_tightens_existing_dir() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path();
+
+        // Simulate an existing directory with loose permissions
+        std::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(ensure_secure_parent(path));
+
+        let meta = std::fs::symlink_metadata(path).unwrap();
+        let mode = meta.permissions().mode() & 0o777;
+        assert_eq!(mode, 0o700, "tightened directory should be 0700, got {mode:o}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn save_creates_file_with_0600() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let token_path = dir.path().join("portal-restore-token");
+
+        save_restore_token_to("secret-token-123", &token_path);
+
+        assert!(token_path.exists());
+        let meta = std::fs::symlink_metadata(&token_path).unwrap();
+        let mode = meta.permissions().mode() & 0o777;
+        assert_eq!(mode, 0o600, "token file should be 0600, got {mode:o}");
+        assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(&token_path).unwrap(), "secret-token-123");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_reads_secure_file() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let token_path = dir.path().join("portal-restore-token");
+
+        // Write a valid 0o600 token file
+        use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+        let mut f = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .write(true)
+            .create_new(true)
+            .mode(0o600)
+            .open(&token_path)
+            .unwrap();
+        std::io::Write::write_all(&mut f, b"my-secret\n").unwrap();
+
+        let result = load_restore_token_from(token_path);
+        assert_eq!(result, Some("my-secret".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_rejects_group_readable_file() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let token_path = dir.path().join("portal-restore-token");
+
+        // Write with 0o640 (group readable) — should be rejected
+        use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+        let mut f = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .write(true)
+            .create_new(true)
+            .mode(0o640)
+            .open(&token_path)
+            .unwrap();
+        std::io::Write::write_all(&mut f, b"leaked-token\n").unwrap();
+
+        let result = load_restore_token_from(token_path);
+        assert!(result.is_none(), "should reject group-readable token file");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_rejects_world_readable_file() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let token_path = dir.path().join("portal-restore-token");
+
+        use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+        let mut f = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .write(true)
+            .create_new(true)
+            .mode(0o604)
+            .open(&token_path)
+            .unwrap();
+        std::io::Write::write_all(&mut f, b"leaked-token\n").unwrap();
+
+        let result = load_restore_token_from(token_path);
+        assert!(result.is_none(), "should reject world-readable token file");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_rejects_symlink() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let real_path = dir.path().join("real-file");
+        let link_path = dir.path().join("portal-restore-token");
+
+        std::fs::write(&real_path, b"target-content\n").unwrap();
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&real_path, &link_path).unwrap();
+
+        let result = load_restore_token_from(link_path);
+        assert!(result.is_none(), "should reject symlinked token file");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn save_then_load_roundtrip() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let token_path = dir.path().join("portal-restore-token");
+
+        save_restore_token_to("roundtrip-token", &token_path);
+        let loaded = load_restore_token_from(token_path);
+
+        assert_eq!(loaded, Some("roundtrip-token".to_string()));
+    }
 }

src/main.rs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ fn run_wlr_screencopy(args: Args) -> Result<()> {
     let qhandle = queue.handle();
     // State 是 wlr-screencopy 后端的核心状态机，
     // 内部管理输出探测、截屏请求、编码器构建、帧采集等阶段
-    let mut state = State::new(gm, args, qhandle);
+    let mut state = State::new(gm, args, qhandle)?;
 
     // Extract the Wayland fd and consume any immediately-available events.
     // prepare_read() flushes outgoing requests; read() pulls whatever the
@@ -246,6 +246,8 @@ fn run_wlr_screencopy(args: Args) -> Result<()> {
         // - Streaming: 正常采集中，请求下一帧
         state.queue_alloc_frame();
 
+        state.poll_webrtc()?;
+
         // 状态机遇到致命错误时退出
         if state.errored {
             tracing::error!("Fatal error in state machine, exiting");

src/state.rs

@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ use ffmpeg_next as ff;
 use ffmpeg_next::ffi;
 
 use crate::args::Args;
-use crate::avhw::{AvHwDevCtx, EncState};
+use crate::avhw::{AvHwDevCtx, EncState, SwEncState};
 use crate::cap_wlr_screencopy::CapWlrScreencopy;
 use crate::fps_limit::FpsLimit;
 use crate::transform::{transpose_if_transform_transposed, Transform};
+use crate::webrtc::WebRtcState;
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // CaptureSource trait
@@ -113,6 +114,42 @@ struct WlrHeadInfo {
 /// User data for XdgOutput dispatch to identify which WlOutput it belongs to.
 pub struct OutputId(pub u32);
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StreamingEncoder
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Wraps the two possible encoder backends for the streaming stage.
+///
+/// - `Mp4(EncState)`  — hardware VAAPI encoder writing to an MP4 file
+/// - `WebRtc(SwEncState)` — software encoder feeding H.264 NALUs into a WebRTC channel
+pub enum StreamingEncoder {
+    Mp4(EncState),
+    WebRtc(SwEncState),
+}
+
+impl StreamingEncoder {
+    fn frames_rgb(&self) -> &crate::avhw::AvHwFrameCtx {
+        match self {
+            StreamingEncoder::Mp4(enc) => enc.frames_rgb(),
+            StreamingEncoder::WebRtc(enc) => enc.frames_rgb(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_frame(&mut self, hw_frame: &ffmpeg_next::frame::Video) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            StreamingEncoder::Mp4(enc) => enc.encode_frame(hw_frame),
+            StreamingEncoder::WebRtc(enc) => enc.encode_frame(hw_frame),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            StreamingEncoder::Mp4(enc) => enc.flush(),
+            StreamingEncoder::WebRtc(enc) => enc.flush(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // EncConstructionStage
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,7 +179,7 @@ pub enum EncConstructionStage<S: CaptureSource> {
     Streaming {
         output_info: OutputInfo,
         output: WlOutput,
-        enc: EncState,
+        enc: StreamingEncoder,
         cap: S,
         screencopy_manager: ZwlrScreencopyManagerV1,
         dmabuf: ZwpLinuxDmabufV1,
@@ -182,6 +219,10 @@ pub struct State<S: CaptureSource> {
     pub qhandle: QueueHandle<State<S>>,
     pub drm_device: Option<PathBuf>,
     pub drm_device_from_compositor: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub webrtc: Option<WebRtcState>,
+    pub webrtc_tx: Option<crossbeam_channel::Sender<Vec<u8>>>,
+    webrtc_rx: Option<crossbeam_channel::Receiver<Vec<u8>>>,
+    webrtc_frames_sent: u64,
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -228,9 +269,18 @@ impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
-    pub fn new(gm: GlobalList, args: Args, qhandle: QueueHandle<State<S>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(gm: GlobalList, args: Args, qhandle: QueueHandle<State<S>>) -> Result<Self> {
         let fps = args.fps;
         let drm_device = args.drm_device.as_ref().map(PathBuf::from);
+
+        let (webrtc, webrtc_tx, webrtc_rx) = if args.port > 0 {
+            let (tx, rx) = crossbeam_channel::bounded(32);
+            let wrtc = WebRtcState::new(args.port, args.fps)?;
+            (Some(wrtc), Some(tx), Some(rx))
+        } else {
+            (None, None, None)
+        };
+
         let mut state = Self {
             stage: EncConstructionStage::ProbingOutputs {
                 outputs: Vec::new(),
@@ -255,6 +305,10 @@ impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
             qhandle,
             drm_device,
             drm_device_from_compositor: None,
+            webrtc,
+            webrtc_tx,
+            webrtc_rx,
+            webrtc_frames_sent: 0,
         };
 
         // registry_queue_init consumes registry events internally during its
@@ -262,7 +316,7 @@ impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
         // We must manually bind the initial globals here.
         state.bind_initial_globals();
 
-        state
+        Ok(state)
     }
 
     /// Iterate over the GlobalList from registry_queue_init and bind all
@@ -581,6 +635,29 @@ impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
         self.errored = true;
     }
 
+    pub fn poll_webrtc(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let Some(ref mut wrtc) = self.webrtc else { return Ok(()) };
+
+        wrtc.handle_signaling()?;
+        wrtc.poll_and_feed()?;
+
+        if let Some(ref rx) = self.webrtc_rx {
+            let mut count = 0u32;
+            while let Ok(data) = rx.try_recv() {
+                count += 1;
+                if let Err(e) = wrtc.write_h264_frame(&data, self.webrtc_frames_sent, self.args.fps) {
+                    tracing::debug!("WebRTC write frame error: {e}");
+                }
+                self.webrtc_frames_sent = self.webrtc_frames_sent.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            if count > 0 {
+                tracing::info!("WebRTC forwarded {count} frames from channel");
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn negotiate_format(&mut self, format: u32, width: u32, height: u32) {
         let stage_data = match mem::replace(&mut self.stage, EncConstructionStage::Intermediate) {
             EncConstructionStage::EverythingButFmt {
@@ -611,9 +688,34 @@ impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
             .args
             .bitrate
             .unwrap_or_else(|| 2 * (width as u64) * (height as u64) * (fps as u64) / 100);
-        let enc = match crate::avhw::create_encoder(
+
+        let enc = if let Some(ref tx) = self.webrtc_tx {
+            let (enc_w, enc_h) =
+                transpose_if_transform_transposed(output_info.transform, width as i32, height as i32);
+            let actual_gop_size = self.args.gop_size.unwrap_or((fps / 2).max(10));
+            match SwEncState::new_webrtc(
                 &drm_path,
-            Path::new(self.args.output.as_deref().expect("output required for MP4 mode")),
+                width,
+                height,
+                enc_w as u32,
+                enc_h as u32,
+                fps,
+                bitrate,
+                actual_gop_size,
+                tx.clone(),
+            ) {
+                Ok(enc) => StreamingEncoder::WebRtc(enc),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!("SwEncState::new_webrtc failed: {}", e);
+                    self.errored = true;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            let output_path = self.args.output.as_deref().expect("output required for MP4 mode");
+            match crate::avhw::create_encoder(
+                &drm_path,
+                Path::new(output_path),
                 width,
                 height,
                 fps,
@@ -622,12 +724,13 @@ impl<S: CaptureSource> State<S> {
                 self.args.gop_size,
                 Some(hw_device_ctx),
             ) {
-            Ok(enc) => enc,
+                Ok(enc) => StreamingEncoder::Mp4(enc),
                 Err(e) => {
                     tracing::error!("EncState::new failed: {}", e);
                     self.errored = true;
                     return;
                 }
+            }
         };
         tracing::info!(
             "Encoder initialized: {}x{} format={} bitrate={}",

src/state_portal.rs

@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn resolve_drm_device_explicit() {
         let args = Args {
-            output: "test.mp4".to_string(),
+            output: Some("test.mp4".to_string()),
             output_name: None,
             fps: 30,
             codec: "h264".to_string(),
@@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ mod tests {
             verbose: false,
             backend: None,
             port: 0,
+            no_persist: false,
         };
         let result = resolve_drm_device(&args).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn resolve_drm_device_none_when_not_specified() {
         let args = Args {
-            output: "test.mp4".to_string(),
+            output: Some("test.mp4".to_string()),
             output_name: None,
             fps: 30,
             codec: "h264".to_string(),
@@ -457,6 +458,7 @@ mod tests {
             verbose: false,
             backend: None,
             port: 0,
+            no_persist: false,
         };
         let result = resolve_drm_device(&args).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(result, None);